Name: _____________________

Ancient Greece Worksheet
chapter nine, pp. 174-187

Fill in the blank

1. __________ in the fourth century never regained the great economic and military strength that it had in the previous century. This perhaps was because its ______ mines were no longer producing at the same level. Still, it became a major force in international ____________ once again.
2. The postwar years were a time of shifting _______ among the Greek city-states.
3. The Persian king initially allied with _________ and its allies against ________ in the so-called ____________ War, which lasted from 395 to 386 B.C. The war ended with __________ once again cutting a deal with Persia.
4. Sparta and Persia made an agreement called The King’s _________. They acknowledged Persia’s right to control the _________ of Anatolia in exchange for a Persian promise not to interfere with Spartan interests in __________. Spartan forces attacked city-states all over ________ after this peace treaty was signed.
5. The Athenian general Iphicrates devised ways to improve the _____, and the ____ built up its offensive strength.
6. Meanwhile, the Spartan army was defeated by ________ in 371 B.C. Then the Spartans allied with _______ to defeat the victors in 363 B.C.
7. The _________ alliance between Athens and her allies crumbled in the mid-350s B.C.
8. The stalemate between the various Greek city-states opened the way for emergence of the kingdom of _____________ as a major power.
9. The most famous Greek in these decades of turmoil was the philosopher ________. He was the most brilliant student of ___________. He withdrew from Athenian ______ life after 399 B.C. and became skeptical of ________ as a viable form of government. He said that the Athenians had become “________, _________, __________, and _________.” He envisioned a state run by leaders imbued with _____________ wisdom.
10. This philosopher composed _____________, not philosophical treatises. His views seem to have ____________ over time. He believed that knowledge meant searching for truths that are independent of the ___________. He founded the _____________, which operated for ____ years after his death.
11. This philosopher believed that we cannot trust the experience of the ________. As such, he attacked the ___________ of the sophists. He believed that the separate realities of the pure virtues were called ______.
12. This philosopher discussed his theory of government in his most famous dialogue, ______________. The three classes of people, he says, are the ___________, the _______________, and the _______________. He also proposed the then-startling idea into Western Civilization that work be allocated in human society without regard to ______________ and only according to ___________ and ___________. He was also the first thinker to argue systematically that _______ should be the training of the ______, and not simply the acquisition of __________ and ___________ skills.
13. Later on in life, this philosopher took a less ______ approach to government and hoped that the ________, be they democrats or oligarchs, would rule.
14. ________ was a major scientist and philosopher who was the disciple of the philosopher mentioned above. His works continued to exercise enormous influence on the scholars of the __________ Ages. He founded a philosophical school in Athens called the __________. He worked out a sophisticated system of _______ for precise argumentation.
15. This accomplished thinker rejected some of his teacher’s ideas. He denied the validity of the theory of ________ mainly because it was not an explanation based on common _______.
16. This thinker’s scientific work was advanced for the time. He was the first to try to ________ animal species. His discovery that whales and dolphins were ______ was not rediscovered for another two thousand years. He had a __________ view of nature, in which each organism had a natural _______. (For example, a duck had ________ feet for the purpose of swimming.)
17. This thinker also believed that the natural goal of human beings was to live in the society of a ________ and that the city-state came into existence to meet a human need to live ____________.
18. Some of this man’s views were a product of his time. He regarded __________ as natural, and argued that women were naturally ________ to men, partly because he had misguided notions about human _______________ (which led him to view women as ___________ men).
19. He argued against Socrates’ belief that knowledge of ______ and _________ was all that was necessary for men to behave justly. Rather, he taught that ___________ desires in the human ______ often override this knowledge. The key was to achieve ___________ by training the ____________ to win out over the instincts and passions; it meant striking a balance by finding “the _______.”
20. He believed that the life of the mind must never be separated from experience in the _______ world.
21. The aim of education, he argued, was to dissuade people from acting ____________.
22. The goal of democracy, according to this philosopher, was ________ exactly as one likes. True freedom means not always insisting on fulfilling one’s ___________.
23. The most important subject in education continued to be ________, which is the art of public _________ and argumentation.
24. ________ was a skilled rhetorician who wrote _______ for others. He saw rhetoric was a powerful tool of persuasion for human ________________.
25. One problem in ancient Greece at this time was growing social unrest caused by friction between the _______ and the __________. The city-state of ________ has much fewer problems in this area because of the ______ system, which required them to spend money for the pubic good. Also, the rich had to voice their allegiance to ___________ principles in order to win popular support.
26. To address the unstable situation in Greece, Isocrates suggested that ___________, or political harmony between the city-states, should take place under the leadership of __________, king of ______________. The king would unite the Greeks in a crusade against ___________.


Short answer

1. Discuss Plato’s theory of the Forms.









2. Discuss Plato’s theory of the government.









3. Discuss Aristotle’s four causes.